Digibee Documentation
Request documentationBook a demo
English
English
  • Quick start
  • Highlights
    • Release notes
      • Release notes 2025
        • May
        • April
        • March
        • February
        • January
      • Release notes 2024
        • December
        • November
        • October
        • September
        • August
          • Connectors release 08/20/2024
        • July
        • June
        • May
        • April
        • March
        • February
        • January
      • Release notes 2023
        • December
        • November
        • October
        • September
        • August
        • July
        • June
        • May
        • April
        • March
        • February
        • January
      • Release notes 2022
        • December
        • November
        • October
        • September
        • August
        • July
        • June
        • May
        • April
        • March
        • February
        • January
      • Release notes 2021
      • Release notes 2020
    • AI Pair Programmer
    • Digibeectl
      • Getting started
        • How to install Digibeectl on Windows
      • Digibeectl syntax
      • Digibeectl operations
  • Digibee in action
    • Use Cases in Action
      • Improving integration performance with API pagination
      • Automating file storage with Digibee
      • Reprocessing strategy in event-driven integrations
      • Key practices for securing sensitive information in pipelines with Digibee
      • OAuth2 for secure API access
      • Secure your APIs with JWT in Digibee
      • Integration best practices for developers on the Digibee Integration Platform
      • How to use Event-driven architecture on the Digibee Integration Platform
      • Dynamic file download with Digibee
      • Microservices: Circuit Breaker pattern for improving resilience
      • Error handling strategy in event-driven integrations
    • Troubleshooting
      • Integration guidance
        • How to resolve common pipeline issues
        • How to resolve Error 409: “You cannot update a pipeline that is not on draft mode”
        • How to resolve the "Pipeline execution was aborted" error
        • Integrated authentication with Microsoft Entra ID
        • How to resolve the "Failed to initialize pool: ONS configuration failed" error
        • How to perform IP address mapping with Progress database
        • How to build integration flows that send error notifications
        • How to send logs to external services
        • How JSONPath differs in connectors and the Execution panel
        • Using JSONPath to validate numbers with specific initial digits
        • How to analyze the "Network error: Failed to fetch" in the Execution panel
        • How to handle request payloads larger than 5MB
        • How to configure Microsoft Entra ID to display groups on the Digibee Integration Platform
        • How to build an HL7 message
      • Connectors behavior and configuration
        • Timeout in the Pipeline Executor connector
        • How to use DISTINCT and COUNT in the Object Store
        • Understanding @@DGB_TRUNCATED@@ on the Digibee Integration Platform
        • How to resolve names without a DNS - REST, SOAP, SAP (web protocols)
        • How to read and write files inside a folder
        • AuthToken Reuse for Salesforce connector
        • How to resolve the "Invalid payload" error in API Integration
        • Supported databases
          • Functions and uses for databases
      • Connectors implementation and usage examples
        • Google Storage: Usage scenarios
        • DB V2: Usage scenarios
        • For Each: Usage example
        • Template and its uses
        • Digibee JWT implementation
        • Email V1: Usage example (Deprecated)
      • JOLT applications
        • Transformer: Getting to know JOLT
        • Transformer: Transformations with JOLT
        • Transformer: Add values to list elements
        • Transformer: Operations overview
        • Transformer: Date formatting using split and concat
        • Transformer: Simple IF-ELSE logic with JOLT
      • Platform access and performance tips
        • How to solve login problems on the Digibee Integration Platform
        • How to receive updates from Digibee Status Page
        • How to clean the Digibee Integration Platform cache
      • Governance troubleshooting guidance
        • How to consume Internal API pipelines using ZTNA
        • How to use Internal API with and without a VPN
        • How to generate, convert, and register SSH Keys
        • mTLS authentication
          • How to configure mTLS on the Digibee Integration Platform
          • FAQs: Certificates in mTLS
        • How to connect Digibee to Oracle RAC
        • How to connect Digibee to SAP
        • How to connect Digibee to MongoDB Atlas using VPN
        • How to manage IPs on the Digibee Integration Platform
        • Configuring the Dropbox account
        • How to use your Gmail account with the Digibee email component (SMTP)
        • How to use the CORS policy on the Digibee Integration Platform
      • Deployment scenarios
        • Solving the “Out of memory” errors in deployment
        • Warning of route conflicts
    • Best practices
      • Best practices for building a pipeline
      • Best practices on validating messages in a consumer pipeline
      • Avoiding loops and maximizing pipeline efficiency
      • Naming: Global, Accounts, and API Keys
      • Pagination tutorial
        • Pagination tutorial - part 1
        • Pagination tutorial - part 2
        • Pagination tutorial - part 3
        • Pagination tutorial - part 4
      • Pagination example
      • Event-driven architecture
      • Notification model in event-driven integrations
      • OAuth2 integration model with Digibee
      • Best practices for error handling in pipelines
    • Digibee Academy
      • Integration Developer Bootcamp
  • Reference guides
    • Connectors
      • AWS
        • S3 Storage
        • SQS
        • AWS Secrets Manager
        • AWS Athena
        • AWS CloudWatch
        • AWS Elastic Container Service (ECS)
        • AWS Eventbridge
        • AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)
        • AWS Kinesis
        • AWS Kinesis Firehose
        • AWS Key Management Service (KMS)
        • AWS Lambda
        • AWS MQ
        • AWS Simple Email Service (SES)
        • AWS Simple Notification System (SNS)
        • AWS Security Token Service (STS)
        • AWS Translate
      • Azure
        • Azure CosmosDB
        • Azure Event Hubs
        • Azure Key Vault
        • Azure ServiceBus
        • Azure Storage DataLake Service
        • Azure Storage Queue Service
      • Enterprise applications
        • SAP
        • Salesforce
        • Braintree
        • Facebook
        • GitHub
        • Jira
        • ServiceNow
        • Slack
        • Telegram
        • Twilio
        • WhatsApp
        • Wordpress
        • Workday
        • Zendesk
      • File storage
        • Blob Storage (Azure)
        • Digibee Storage
        • Dropbox
        • FTP
        • Google Drive
        • Google Storage
        • OneDrive
        • SFTP
        • WebDav V2
        • WebDav (Deprecated)
      • Files
        • Append Files
        • Avro File Reader
        • Avro File Writer
        • CSV to Excel
        • Excel
        • File Reader
        • File Writer
        • GZIP V2
        • GZIP V1 (Deprecated)
        • Parquet File Reader
        • Parquet File Writer
        • Stream Avro File Reader
        • Stream Excel
        • Stream File Reader
        • Stream File Reader Pattern
        • Stream JSON File Reader
        • Stream Parquet File Reader
        • Stream XML File Reader
        • XML Schema Validator
        • ZIP File
        • NFS
      • Flow
        • Delayer
      • Google/GCP
        • Google BigQuery
        • Google BigQuery Standard SQL
        • Google Calendar
        • Google Cloud Functions
        • Google Mail
        • Google PubSub
        • Google Secret Manager
        • Google Sheets
      • Industry solutions
        • FHIR (Beta)
        • Gupy Public API
        • HL7
        • HubSpot: Sales and CMS
        • Mailgun API
        • Oracle NetSuite (Beta)
        • Orderful
        • Protheus: Billing and Inventory of Cost
      • Logic
        • Block Execution
        • Choice
        • Do While
        • For Each
        • Retry
        • Parallel Execution
      • Queues and messaging
        • Event Publisher
        • JMS
        • Kafka
        • RabbitMQ
      • Security
        • AES Cryptography
        • Asymmetric Cryptography
        • CMS
        • Digital Signature
        • JWT (Deprecated)
        • JWT V2
        • Google IAP Token
        • Hash
        • Digibee JWT (Generate and Decode)
        • LDAP
        • PBE Cryptography
        • PGP
        • RSA Cryptography
        • Symmetric Cryptography
      • Structured data
        • CassandraDB
        • DB V2
        • DB V1 (Deprecated)
        • DynamoDB
        • Google Big Table
        • Memcached
        • MongoDB
        • Object Store
        • Relationship
        • Session Management
        • Stored Procedure
        • Stream DB V3
        • Stream DB V1 (Deprecated)
        • ArangoDb
        • Caffeine Cache
        • Caffeine LoadCache
        • Couchbase
        • CouchDB
        • Ehcache
        • InfluxDB
      • Tools
        • Assert V2
        • Assert V1 (Deprecated)
        • Base64
        • CSV to JSON V2
        • CSV to JSON V1 (Deprecated)
        • HL7 Message Transformer (Beta)
        • HTML to PDF
        • Transformer (JOLT) V2
        • JSLT
        • JSON String to JSON Transformer
        • JSON to JSON String Transformer
        • JSON to XML Transformer
        • JSON to CSV V2
        • JSON to CSV Transformer (Deprecated)
        • JSON Path Transformer V2
        • JSON Path Transformer
        • JSON Transformer
        • Log
        • Pipeline Executor
        • QuickFix (Beta)
        • SSH Remote Command
        • Script (JavaScript)
        • Secure PDF
        • Store Account
        • Template Transformer
        • Throw Error
        • Transformer (JOLT)
        • Validator V1 (Deprecated)
        • Validator V2
        • XML to JSON Transformer
        • XML Transformer
        • JSON Generator (Mock)
      • Web protocols
        • Email V2
        • Email V1 (Deprecated)
        • REST V2
        • REST V1 (Deprecated)
        • SOAP V1 (Deprecated)
        • SOAP V2
        • SOAP V3
        • WGet (Download HTTP)
        • gRPC
    • Triggers
      • Web Protocols
        • API Trigger
        • Email Trigger
        • Email Trigger V2
        • HTTP Trigger
        • HTTP File Trigger
          • HTTP File Trigger - Downloads
          • HTTP File Trigger - Uploads
        • REST Trigger
      • Scheduling
        • Scheduler Trigger
      • Messaging and Events
        • Event Trigger
        • JMS Trigger
        • Kafka Trigger
        • RabbitMQ Trigger
      • Others
        • DynamoDB Streams Trigger
        • HL7 Trigger
        • Salesforce Trigger - Events
    • Double Braces
      • How to reference data using Double Braces
      • Double Braces functions
        • Math functions
        • Utilities functions
        • Numerical functions
        • String functions
        • JSON functions
        • Date functions
        • Comparison functions
        • File functions
        • Conditional functions
      • Double Braces autocomplete
  • Development cycle
    • Build
      • Canvas
        • AI Assistant
        • Smart Connector User Experience
        • Execution panel
        • Design and Inspect Mode
        • Linter: Canvas building validation
        • Connector Mocking
      • Pipeline
        • How to create a pipeline
        • How to scaffold a pipeline using an OpenAPI specification
        • How to create a project
        • Pipeline version history
        • Pipeline versioning
        • Messages processing
        • Subpipelines
      • Capsules
        • How to use Capsules
          • How to create a Capsule collection
            • Capsule header dimensions
          • How to create a Capsule group
          • How to configure a Capsule
          • How to build a Capsule
          • How to test a Capsule
          • How to save a Capsule
          • How to publish a Capsule
          • How to change a Capsule collection or group
          • How to archive and restore a Capsule
        • Capsules versioning
        • Public capsules
          • SAP
          • Digibee Tools
          • Google Sheets
          • Gupy
          • Send notifications via email
          • Totvs Live
          • Canvas LMS
        • AI Assistant for Capsules Docs Generation
    • Run
      • Run concepts
        • Autoscalling
      • Deployment
        • Deploying a pipeline
        • How to redeploy a pipeline
        • How to promote pipelines across environments
        • How to check the pipeline deployment History
        • How to rollback to a previous deployment version
        • Using deployment history advanced functions
        • Pipeline deployment status
      • How warnings work on pipelines in Run
    • Monitor
      • Monitor Insights (Beta)
      • Completed executions
        • Pipeline execution logs download
      • Pipeline logs
      • Pipeline Metrics
        • Pipeline Metrics API
          • How to set up Digibee API metrics with Datadog
          • How to set up Digibee API metrics with Prometheus
        • Connector Latency
      • Alerts
        • How to create an alert
        • How to edit an alert
        • How to activate, deactivate or duplicate an alert
        • How to delete an alert
        • How to configure alerts on Slack
        • How to configure alerts on Telegram
        • How to configure alerts through a webhook
        • Available metrics
        • Best practices about alerts
        • Use cases for alerts
      • VPN connections monitoring
        • Alerts for VPN metrics
  • Connectivity management
    • Connectivity
    • Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA)
      • Prerequisites for using ZTNA
      • How to view connections (Edge Routers)
      • How to view the Network Mappings associated with an Edge Router
      • How to add new ZTNA connections (Edge Routers)
      • How to delete connections (Edge Routers)
      • How to view routes (Network Mapping)
      • How to add new routes (Network Mapping)
      • How to add routes in batch for ZTNA
      • How to edit routes (Network Mapping)
      • How to delete routes (Network Mapping)
      • How to generate new keys (Edge Router)
      • How to change the environment of Edge routers
      • ZTNA Inverse Flow
      • ZTNA Groups
    • Virtual Private Network (VPN)
  • Platform administration
    • Administration
      • Audit
      • Access control
        • Users
        • Groups
        • Roles
          • List of permissions by service
          • Roles and responsibilities: Governance and key stakeholder identification
      • Identity provider integration
        • How to integrate an identity provider
        • Authentication rules
        • Integration of IdP groups with Digibee groups
          • How to create a group integration
          • How to test a group integration
          • How to enable group integrations
          • How to edit a group integration
          • How to delete a group integration
      • User authentication and authorization
        • How to activate and deactivate two-factor authentication
        • Login flow
      • Organization groups
    • Settings
      • Globals
        • How to create Globals
        • How to edit or delete Globals
        • How to use Globals
      • Accounts
        • Configuring each account type
        • Monitor changes to account settings in deployed pipelines
        • OAuth2 Architecture
          • Registration of new OAuth providers
      • Consumers (API Keys)
      • Relationship model
      • Multi-Instance
        • Deploying a multi-instance pipeline
      • Log Streaming
        • How to use Log Streaming with Datadog
    • Governance
      • Policies
        • Security
          • Internal API access policy
          • External API access policy
          • Sensitive fields policy
        • Transformation
          • Custom HTTP header
          • CORS HTTP header
        • Limit of Replicas policy
    • Licensing
      • Licensing models
        • Consumption Based model
      • Capacity and quotas
      • License consumption
    • Digibee APIs
      • How to create API credentials
  • Digibee concepts
    • Pipeline Engine
      • Digibee Integration Platform Pipeline Engine v2
      • Support Dynamic Accounts (Restricted Beta)
    • Digibee Integration Platform Dedicated SaaS
      • Digibee Integration Platform architecture on Dedicated Saas model
      • Requirements for Digibee Dedicated Saas model
      • Site-to-Site VPN for dedicated SaaS customer support
      • Dedicated Saas customer responsibilities
      • Custom Images of Kubernetes Nodes
      • Digibee Dedicated SaaS installation on AWS
        • How to install requirements before installing Digibee Integration Platform on EKS
        • Permissions to use Digibee Integration Platform on EKS
        • How to create custom nodes for EKS (Golden Images)
    • Introduction to ZTNA
  • Help & FAQ
    • Digibee Customer Support
    • Request documentation, suggest features, or send feedback
    • Beta Program
    • Security and compliance
    • About Digibee
Powered by GitBook
On this page

Was this helpful?

Last updated 3 months ago

Was this helpful?

SAP enables SAP connection (RFC only) for requirements dispatch.

Parameters

Take a look at the configuration options for the component. Parameters supported by are marked with (DB).

Parameter
Description
Default value
Data type

Pay attention to the maximum file size for each deploy type in a pipeline with the SAP component only. Note that these values can change if the pipeline contains other components: Small: 10 MB

Medium: 28 MB

Large: 67 MB

Use recommendation

We recommend you to set Globals for the SAP environment, as shown below:

  • Globals:

  • environment = SAP environment

See the examples of the items listed, that must be replaced according to your need:

  • [rfc] = RFC name

  • [table] = Table related to RFC

  • [columns] = Table columns

Component structure for RFC connections

For RFC connections, use the "SAP Json to RFC" capsule before the SAP component. That way, the call is transformed in the format expected by SAP. This is an example of RFC call syntax inside SAP:

Function call (RFC) BAPI_BUPA_ADDRESS_GETDETAIL inside JSON Generator component

For a RFC call, it's important to pay attention to the following points:

  • Always inform Sid - field Enviroment/SystemName/System Id previously mentioned.

  • RFC field - can be in the JSON file, as well as informed inside the component.

  • ImportParameters - function call inside SAP. Be specific only with the fields that must be filled out in the call.

About SAP Intermediate Document (IDOC)

  • IDOC Type: has a specific structure, that put into sequence the data transfered from one system to another.

  • IDOC TYPE EXTENSION (optional): specifies the IDOC extension, if it exists, of an IDOC produced by this endpoint.

  • SYSTEM RELEASE (optional): specifies the SAP Basis Release associated, if it exists, to an IDOC produced by this endpoint.

  • APPLICATION RELEASE (optional): specifies the Application Release associated, if it exists, to an IDOC produced by this endpoint.

Keep in mind that IDOCs are processed asynchronously via SAP. When an IDOC is sent, it does not indicate whether it was successful or not. In case of failure, the user must process the IDOC again.

Component structure for the use of the Template XML field

See an example of template (XML):

{YOUR_ENVIRONMENT} must be replaced by your SAP SID.

If it's a single query, you can use the following syntax:

Elementary fields/Import Parameters

Example:

If it's a table query, use this syntax:

Table fields

Example:

Input

  • ${type}: variable that must be provided inside a tag "body"

For the variable sapRequestTemplate, it's important to pay attention to these points:

  • the variable name can have the following signs: minus (-), period (.) and colon (:) in any position. But these characters need to be escaped with backslash (\). Otherwise, they'll be interpreted as operators.

  • it might be more convenient to use variables and conversion functions:

Output

Messages flow

Input

The component expects a message under any format. However, it will look for a path inside the "modelPath" configuration property.

Output

The output message will be the same as the input message, but replacing the model property according to the template definition (as a string). If there's an error, the "property_error" property will be created on the same level of the original property.

Read the for more information about connectivity related to SAP.

{
  "sid": "{{sap-test-sid}}", 
  "rfc": "BAPI_BUPA_ADDRESS_GETDETAIL", 
  "importParameters": { 
    "attributes": { 
      "BUSINESSPARTNER": {{ message.BUSINESSPARTNER }}, 
      "VALID_DATE": {{FORMATDATE(NOW(), "timestamp", "yyyy-MM-dd", null , "GMT-3") }} 
    } 
  } 
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ASCII"?> 
<idoc:Document 
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
    xmlns:FLCUSTOMER_CREATEFROMDATA01---="http://sap.fusesource.org/idoc/{_YOUR_ENVIRONMENT_}/FLCUSTOMER_CREATEFROMDATA01///" 
    xmlns:idoc="http://sap.fusesource.org/idoc" 
    creationDate="2015-01-28T12:39:13.980-0500" 
    creationTime="2015-01-28T12:39:13.980-0500" 
    iDocType="FLCUSTOMER_CREATEFROMDATA01" 
    iDocTypeExtension="" 
    messageType="FLCUSTOMER_CREATEFROMDATA" 
    recipientPartnerNumber="QUICKCLNT" 
    recipientPartnerType="LS" 
    senderPartnerNumber="QUICKSTART" 
    senderPartnerType="LS"> 
  <rootSegment xsi:type="FLCUSTOMER_CREATEFROMDATA01---:ROOT" document="/">
    <segmentChildren parent="//@rootSegment"> 
      <E1SCU_CRE parent="//@rootSegment" document="/"> 
        <segmentChildren parent="//@rootSegment/@segmentChildren/@E1SCU_CRE.0"> 
          <E1BPSCUNEW parent="//@rootSegment/@segmentChildren/@E1SCU_CRE.0" 
              document="/" 
              CUSTNAME="Fred Flintstone" FORM="Mr." 
              STREET="123 Rubble Lane" 
              POSTCODE="01234" 
              CITY="Bedrock" 
              COUNTR="US" 
              PHONE="800-555-1212" 
              EMAIL="fred@bedrock.com"
              CUSTTYPE="P" 
              DISCOUNT="005" 
              LANGU="E"/> 
        </segmentChildren> 
      </E1SCU_CRE> 
    </segmentChildren> 
  </rootSegment> 
</idoc:Document>  
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ASCII"?> 
<[rfc]:Request xmlns:[rfc]="http://sap.fusesource.org/rfc/{{global.environment}}/[rfc]" 
  [columns]="20180801" 
  [columns]="20180806" 
  [columns]="050" />
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ASCII"?> 
<ABCD_RFC_ORDEM_FATURA:Request 
    xmlns:ABCD_RFC_ORDEM_FATURA="http://sap.fusesource.org/rfc/QAS/ABCD_RFC_ORDEM_FATURA" 
    P_ERDAT_INI="2018-07-01T00:00:00.000" 
    P_ERDAT_FIM="2018-08-01T00:00:00.000" 
    CLIENTE="" 
    VKORG="0010" 
    AUART="" /> 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ASCII"?> 
<[rfc]:Request ">xmlns:[rfc]="http://sap.fusesource.org/rfc/{{global.environment}}/[rfc]"> 
 <[table]> 
  <row> 
   <[columns]>${VBELN}</[columns]> 
   <[columns]>${ABDC}</[columns]> 
  </row> 
 </[table]> 
</[rfc]:Request> 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ASCII"?> 
<ABCD_RFC_MATERIAIS:Request ">xmlns:ABCD_RFC_MATERIAIS:Request="http://sap.fusesource.org/rfc/{{global.environment}}/ABCD_RFC_MATERIAIS:Request"> 
 <T_TIPO> 
  <row> 
   <MTART>${type}</MTART> 
  </row> 
 </T_TIPO> 
</ABCD_RFC_MATERIAIS:Request>
{  
    "body":{     
        "type": "S"   
    } 
}
<#assign x=42>
${x}
${x?string} <#-- the same as ${x} -->
${x?string.number}
${x?string.currency}
${x?string.percent}
${x?string.computer}
42
42
42
$42.00
4,200%
42
  1. Reference guides
  2. Connectors
  3. Enterprise applications

SAP

Discover more about the SAP component and how to use it on the Digibee Integration Platform.

PreviousEnterprise applicationsNextSalesforce
  • Parameters
  • Use recommendation
  • Component structure for RFC connections
  • About SAP Intermediate Document (IDOC)
  • Component structure for the use of the Template XML field
  • Messages flow
article

Account

It's necessary to create a BASIC-type account to use the SAP credentials (user and password).

N/A

String

SAP Operation

Connection method in SAP - the component supports access via RFC or IDOC.

RFC

String

IDOC Type

Specifies the Basic IDOC Type of an IDOC.

N/A

String

IDOC Type Extension

Specifies the IDOC Type Extension of an IDOC.

N/A

String

System Release

Specifies the associated SAP Basis Release of an IDOC.

N/A

String

Application Release

Specifies the associated Application Release of an IDOC.

N/A

String

Host

Hostname of the SAP system - for "IP" and "Port" to be supported, it's necessary to have connectivity via VPN (you can define VPN through SAP GUI). To resolve the hostname to an IP address, you must add a mapping entry to the host file of the machine on which the agent is installed.

N/A

String

RFC

Name of the RFC used to connect with the SAP system - this field is informed by the client (the import parameters of the SAP funtion must be mapped).

N/A

String

Language

Language to be used in the connection with the SAP system (ex.: "EN" for English).

en

String

Client ID

SAP Client ID, normally with 3 digits, used to connect with SAP.

400

String

System Number

Normally with 2 digits, used to connect with the SAP system (you can find this information in SAP GUI).

01

Integer

Send as File

If this option is enabled, a file can be defined and sent.

False

Boolean

File Name

N/A

String

Template (XML)

Template Apache FreeMarker for the SOAP message sent in the request.

N/A

String

Fail On Error

If the option is enabled, the execution of the pipeline with error will be interrupted; otherwise, the pipeline execution proceeds, but the result will show a false value for the “success” property.

False

Boolean

Use Dynamic Account

When the option is active, the component will use the account dynamically. When deactivated, it will use the account statically.

False

Boolean

Account Name

N/A

String

Scoped

False

Boolean

Double Braces expressions

File that contains the body to be sent to SAP server. Using this capacity is recommended in situations where the content is too large to be sent via the Template field. Use other components such as and to write the intended content.

Account name to be set. The name of the account is generated dynamically via the component.

When the option is active, the stored account is isolated to other sub-process. In that case, sub-processes will see their own version of the stored account data. To know more about the Scoped feature, check out the .

Template Transformer
File Writer
Store Account
Dynamic Accounts documentation